A remarkable breakthrough has been achieved by Chinese scientists, as they have successfully assembled the chromosome-level genome of the enigmatic Tibetan antelope. This significant step aims to unravel the genetic mysteries that aid the animal’s survival in the harsh, high-altitude environments of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Qinghai University, centered in Xining, have collaboratively created what is currently the most complete and precise genome of the Tibetan antelope. This achievement is a cornerstone in ongoing efforts to conserve biodiversity in this unique plateau.

“This advancement is not merely a technical evolution in genetic studies of the Tibetan antelope. It serves as a fundamental genetic bedrock for the conservation of plateau biodiversity,” stated Zhang Tongzuo, a prominent researcher involved in the project.

Detailed genetic analysis of the Tibetan antelope provides foresight into its adaptability to impending climate changes. This foresight will inform targeted conservation strategies to enhance the protection of the species.

Furthermore, the genome analysis helps pinpoint specific antelope populations that may need urgent conservation interventions to foster or sustain genetic variability. This understanding contributes substantially to preventing and controlling potential disease outbreaks among wild populations.

An additional benefit of this research includes insights into the relationships among various Tibetan antelope populations. These insights are integral for formulating effective protected area borders and facilitating cross-regional conservation strategies.

Since 2022, an intensive study and monitoring initiative has been underway, where a joint team embarked on extensive fieldwork to gather data and construct the Tibetan antelope’s genome using state-of-the-art third-generation sequencing technologies.

This genomic study not only provides a new angle in preserving plateau biodiversity but also plugs a crucial gap in the genetic study of the Caprinae subfamily. It delivers vital resources for comprehending how highland species manage to endure extreme environmental conditions.

Zhang explained, “By comparative analysis of related genomes, including those of the bharal and domestic sheep, we can trace the Tibetan antelope’s evolutionary pathway and understand how it has adapted over millions of years to its challenging habitat.”

These insights deepen scientific understanding of species evolution and offer a reference point for future studies on the adaptability of other high-altitude species.

The Tibetan antelope, notable for its light tan coat and distinct grayish-white face, flourishes across the Changtang National Nature Reserve in Xizang, Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve in Qinghai, and Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang, typically inhabiting altitudes between 3,700 to 5,500 meters. These reserves are geographically contiguous, providing a vast natural habitat for the species.

In the past, the Tibetan antelope faced significant threats due to poaching driven by the high demand for its fine underfur during the 1980s and 1990s. This illegal activity dramatically slashed their numbers to approximately 50,000 to 75,000 by 1995.

Thanks to concentrated conservation efforts, the Tibetan antelope population in Xizang has rebounded to over 300,000. This resurgence has led to an upgraded protection status from “endangered” to “near threatened.”